Hi Drew! Put your Mityvac hose on the EGR valve, then at idle slowly pump the handle watching guage. As you increase vacuum on EGR it's opening; engine should stumble or die at idle speed w/ only 5 in.hg on the guage. Also w/ engine off pump up Mityvac and see if EGR holds vacuum say 15-20 in.hg on guage. Dont go nuts on EGR valve here esp if old you might just kill the diaphragm if it's close to the edge...If no response at idle speed or EGR won't hold vacuum it's shot. Also if ya pull the EGR clean passages w/ wire brush, carb clean etc., but use NO solvent on EGR just a brush. Carb clean can kill the diaphragm, that goes for ANY underhood diaphragm...
That code 412, check the IAC valve. w/ cold engine start does RPM go over 1000RPM then drop down in a moment? Got to be cold engine to check this, w/ hot engine RPM should go right to normal curb idle speed.
IAC of course allows filtered air to bypass throttle blades increasing idle speed for cold start or addled load like A/C turned on. W/age of this van IAC ought to be pulled/ checked/cleaned on pintle removing carbon also make sure passages aren't blocked by carbon. You need IAC to function, you Definetely DON'T want a carboned up one can lead to runaway engine speed at idle--vehicle suddenly accelerates while sitting at a stoplight for example. Clean the Critter!!
Sorry if you already know this will help someone understand: we restrict the IAC airflow as part of Groove Process 'cause IAC when open (many NEVER fully close) acts like a vacuum leak! So, Clean IAC/IAC passageways, then restrict it. I would pay attention to climate where vehicle lives. Hot climate A/C will be used. cold Climate needs more air for idle due to longer warm up times.
Vacuum hoses, vacuum guage/Mityvac: The Mityvac is useful when a vacuum hose goes to a vacuum diaphragm--the Brake booster, a distributor vacuum advance canister, underdash vacuum pots controlling HVAC system doors, etc. You just connect tool to vacuum hose connected to whatever you want to test; pump the handle, watch guage, is it holding vacuum. If not make sure your connections are tight, re-test. I use the last hose connected to whatever to hook up Mityvac to eliminate variables. As I go thru a system I closely examine all hoses/connectors/tees for integrity, bad anything gets fixed/replaced. Your Vacuum guage is connected to manifold connection to read manifold vacuum levels.
BTW, My Mityvac pump owners manual says to use only silicone oil or cooking oil to lube the piston seal, it says dont use penetrating oil, WD-40, etc. Mine is 20+ yrs old still works fine but I gotta lube piston seal once in ahwhile or it leaks/won't hold a vacuum.
Lastly, those codes--I'm no expert anything, but I do remember working on a couple of Fords w/ EECIV system like yours. One I did major ignition tune up on, hadnt been tuned for over 100K miles. Darn thing set codes for equipment not on the vehicle!!
Then I learned the trick of disconnecting batt. cables after tuneup to re-set computer or it woulnt figure out what was going on...
When I used to do some general mechanic work for income I would get stuck w/something, and get out the Phone book. I'd look for a garage that did a lot of work on whatever I was working on, and call 'em for help. didn't always work, but I got LOTS of answers that way. I've even heard of stopping by w/ a box of donuts in the AM, or soda's/Red bull in the PM and even a 6-pack of whatever around closing time to grease the wheels. I've offered to go pick up whatever they like (within reason) while I was there in person picking their brains. Often they seem to appreciate intelligently asked questions, a joke or two, and a kind offer of some refreshment for their trouble. The answers to my questions saved me and my customer time/$$
Hope this all helps you, Drew or Someone Out There...
TracyG Gadgetman Reno