Hi Ben -
Remember to look at the vehicle holistically - don't focus too much on one thing as "THE reason" for anything until you know without any doubt that's where you SHOULD focus, because a LOT of things contribute to the whole. a Car is a complex amalgamation of a bunch of different systems, but they all integrate at and are interpreted by the computer.
I have the Eagle Research EFIE on my daily driver. It is a rather powerful little circuit, and it's easy to install/adjust. In the time I've had it on, I've learned to be gentle with adjustments, making small tweaks over time rather than taking Thor's hammer to WHAM! datastreams. (you don't shock a computer that way.) the $60ish you spend will come back in more gains over time...but lets get you those gains first, as Ron's said. Intake leaks are the main thing to eliminate, but with o2 sensors in the mix, exhaust leaks are similarly important

while we're talking intake leaks and exhaust - how's their interface on your truck, the EGR valve? does it close and seal correctly, and open as commanded?
Can't speak to a scanner, but remapping a MAF...when was the last time you cleaned yours? they develop a patina that needs to be removed from time to time, because that oxidation affects the resistance of the wire that the computer reads. (especially if you live in a consistently humid environment - I do, and consequently have gotten in the habit of preventative maintenance of this sensor at every oil change).
A comprehensive guide to modifying sensor signals to the computer for your car? Best I can advise is do your research, and learn some electronics. this will help you backwards engineer how each sensor works, and give you ideas as to how to modify them to suit your purposes. I posted an article by a guy named Julian Edgar a good while ago that gives some good direction, and he went and made himself a YouTube channel that explores a good deal of what that article says, and then some, as a sales method for his books. (I believe I tripped across that article on George Wiseman's old Eagle Research site...) You don't NEED the books...but they might come in handy <shrug>
one of the most significant additions to my daily driver aside from the groove and ignition and EFIE has been water injection, suggested by George Wiseman himself when I met him. (he has a TB grooved by Ron for his RV, but hasn't gotten around to installing it) I added a passive water bubbler to my intake and I have never in the years I've owned this vehicle had better or more stable fuel consumption results. it's fairly contradictory to the PCV cap/reroute procedure from here, but on mine, it works. If you're a book learner, George's water Injection book might make better sense than Julian Edgar's stuff...and NO, I'm not an Eagle Research affiliate, so I don't stand to gain anything from recommending his stuff; I just know in my case, it has worked.
If you want to see my process/trials&tribulations, check out
2007 Buick Rendezvous 3.5litre V6 - Groovy Forums